Summary
Introduction
Sleep bruxism is a parasomnia caused by rhythmic and non-rhythmic activity of the
masticatory muscles during sleep. Prevalence of sleep bruxism is reported up to 40.6%
in the literature. Sleep bruxism is a multifactorial issue and associated with multiple
dental complications, sleep-related disorders, and psychosocial problems. We aimed
to investigate if children with sleep bruxism suffer more from lower urinary tract
conditions.
Materials and methods
Prospectively 128 children were included in this study. Sixty-four children constituted
in the bruxism group and 64 children constituted in the control group. Children who
admitted to the pediatric dentistry clinic with bruxism symptoms were recruited in
the bruxism group. Control group constituted of consecutive 64 children who admitted
to the pediatric dentistry clinic for routine dental examination. Parents were asked
to fill out a questionnaire including Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring
System (DVISS) form. Children's demographic data, presence of urinary frequency, presence
of urgency, behaviour of voiding postponement, presence of daytime urinary incontinence,
presence of enuresis nocturna, presence of fecal incontinence, presence of constipation,
status of circumcision, and presence of bruxism related symptoms were recorded. Children
with a DVISS score above 8 were considered to have functional voiding disorder. All
children underwent a dental examination.
Results
The mean age of children was 73.3 ± 26.9 months. For all children (n = 128), the girl
to boy ratio was 40:88. Mean DVISS score was 2.5 ± 3.8 and the mean QOL score was
0.1 ± 0.4 for all children. Eight (6.3%) children were found to have functional voiding
disorder based on the DVISS score. There was no statistically significant difference
for any lower urinary tract condition between the bruxism group and the control group
(Table). Children with bruxism significantly had more tooth wear and masseter muscle
hypertrophy (<0.001 and < 0.05).
Discussion
Sleep bruxism has been linked to a number of health issues including dental, systemic
and psychosocial problems. Tooth wears, fatigue/pain in chewing muscles, gum recession,
facial pain, masseter muscle hypertrophy and temporomandibular joint damage are the
main complications of bruxism. Moreover, bruxism has been associated with systemic
diseases and sypmtoms like asthma, respiratory illnesses, enuresis nocturna, anxiety,
and stress.
Conclusions
Summary TableLower urinary tract characteristics according to groups.
| Bruxism Group | Control Group | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 64) | (n = 64) | ||
| Urinary frequency (n, %) | |||
| Yes | 10 (15.6%) | 11 (17.2%) | 0.881 |
| No | 54 (84.4%) | 53 (82.8%) | |
| Urgency (n, %) | |||
| Yes | 39 (60.9%) | 35 (54.7%) | 0.474 |
| No | 25 (39.1%) | 29 (45.3%) | |
| Voiding Postponement (n, %) | |||
| Yes | 20 (31.2%) | 17 (26.6%) | 0.559 |
| No | 44 (68.8%) | 47 (73.4%) | |
| Daytime urinary incontinence (n, %) | |||
| Yes | 3 (4.7%) | 7 (10.9%) | 0.188 |
| No | 61 (95.3%) | 57 (89.1%) | |
| Enuresis nocturna (n, %) | |||
| Yes | 7 (10.9%) | 6 (9.4%) | 0.770 |
| No | 57 (89.1%) | 58 (90.6%) | |
| DVISS Score (median, min–max) | 1 (0–12) | 1 (0–25) | 0.675 |
| QOL Score (median, min–max) | 0 (0–3) | 0 (0–2) | 0.239 |
| Functional voiding disorder (n, %) | |||
| Yes | 3 (4.7%) | 5 (7.8%) | 0.465 |
| No | 61 (95.3%) | 59 (92.2%) | |
Keywords
Abbreviations:
DVISS (Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System), QOL (Quality of Life)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Pediatric UrologyAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Prevalence of clinical signs and symptoms of the masticatory system and their associations in children with sleep bruxism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep Med Rev. 2021; 57101468
- Lifestyle and oral facial disorders associated with sleep bruxism in children.CRANIO®. 2017; 35: 168-174
- Prevalence of sleep bruxism in children: a systematic review of the literature.J Oral Rehabil. 2013; 40: 631-642
- Sleep bruxism in children: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment—a literature review.Int J Environ Res Publ Health. 2021; 18: 9544
- Sleep bruxism-tooth grinding prevalence, characteristics and familial aggregation: a large cross-sectional survey and polysomnographic validation.Sleep. 2016; 39: 2049-2056
- Geographical variation of parental-reported sleep bruxism among children: comparison between The Netherlands, Armenia and Indonesia.Int Dent J. 2019; 69: 237-243
- Role of psychosocial factors in the etiology of bruxism.J Orofac Pain. 2009; 23: 153-166
- Prevalence of sleep bruxism in children: a systematic review.Dental Press J Orthod. 2014; 19: 54-61
- Evaluation of the relationship between sleep bruxism and sleeping habits in school-aged children.CRANIO®. 2021; : 1-9
- Risk factors related to sleep bruxism in children: a systematic literature review.Arch Oral Biol. 2015; 60: 1618-1624
- A community study of sleep bruxism in Hong Kong children: association with comorbid sleep disorders and neurobehavioral consequences.Sleep Med. 2011; 12: 641-645
- Social stress in mice induces voiding dysfunction and bladder wall remodeling.Am J Physiol Ren Physiol. 2009; 297: F1101-F1108
- Psychological/mental stress-induced effects on urinary function: possible brain molecules related to psychological/mental stress-induced effects on urinary function.Int J Urol. 2021; 28: 1093-1104
- Association among stress, personality traits, and sleep bruxism in children.Pediatr Dent. 2012; 34: 30E-34E
- Sleep bruxism associated with nocturnal enuresis in a 6-year-old child.CRANIO®. 2015; 33: 38-41
- A study of psycho-social factors associated with nocturnal enuresis in children between 6-10 Years of age & factors affecting the outcome of behaviour therapy.SCOPUS IJPHRD CITATION SCORE. 2017; 8: 4104
- Nocturnal enuresis and related bruxism: a CHILD'S problem or a FAMILY'S whole?.International Journal of Medical Dentistry. 2020; 24
- Behavioral problems and emotional stress in children with bruxism.Braz Dent J. 2012; 23: 246-251
- Depth of sleep and sleep habits among enuretic and incontinent children.Acta Paediatr. 1999; 88: 748-752
- Sleep bruxism; an overview of an oromandibular sleep movement disorder.Sleep Med Rev. 2000; 4: 27-43
- Bruxism: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.J Oral Rehabil. 2019; 46: 666-690
- Evaluación de la higiene del sueño y la prevalencia de sus alteraciones en los pacientes con enuresis monosintomática. Utilidad del cuestionario BEARS.Actas Urol Esp. 2020; 44: 477-482
- The risk factors related to bruxism in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Arch Oral Biol. 2018; 86: 18-34
- Relationship between sleep patterns, sleep problems, and childhood enuresis.Sleep Med. 2018; 50: 14-20
- Nocturnal enuresis and sleep disordered breathing in primary school children: potential implications.Pediatr Pulmonol. 2018; 53: 1541-1548
- Dysfunctional voiding and incontinence scoring system: quantitative evaluation of incontinence symptoms in pediatric population.J Urol. 2005; 173: 969-973
- Polysomnography-detected bruxism in children is associated with somatic complaints but not anxiety.J Clin Sleep Med. 2018; 14: 23-29
- Association between sleep bruxism and psychosocial factors in children and adolescents: a systematic review.Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2015; 54: 469-478
- Are mental health problems and depression associated with bruxism in children?.Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012; 40: 277-287
- Association between possible sleep bruxism and sleep characteristics in children.CRANIO®. 2017; 35: 315-320
- Sleep bruxism is a disorder related to periodic arousals during sleep.J Dent Res. 1998; 77: 565-573
- Evaluation of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and incisal relationships among 7-10-year-old Turkish children with sleep bruxism: a cross-sectional study.CRANIO®. 2021; : 1-7
- Evaluation of the association of bruxism, psychosocial and sociodemographic factors in preschoolers.Braz Oral Res. 2018; 32
Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 30, 2022
Accepted:
November 25,
2022
Received in revised form:
November 22,
2022
Received:
June 16,
2022
Publication stage
In Press Journal Pre-ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2022 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
