Journal of Pediatric Urology
Volume 6, Issue 6 , Pages 585-588 , December 2010

Longer than expected-duration of caudal analgesia with two different doses of levobupivacaine in children undergoing hypospadias repair

  • Karl-Christian Thies

      Affiliations

    • Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Dept. of Anaesthesia, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Department of Anaesthetics, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK. Tel.: +44 121 333 9623; fax: +44 121 333 9998.
    • ,
  • Jacques Driessen

      Affiliations

    • Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Dept. of Anaesthesia, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Hing Gwan Kho

      Affiliations

    • Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Dept. of Anaesthesia, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Karen Kwak

      Affiliations

    • Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Paediatric Urology, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Jacqueline Knoll

      Affiliations

    • Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Paediatric Urology, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Robert de Gier

      Affiliations

    • Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Paediatric Urology, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Wouter Feitz

      Affiliations

    • Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Paediatric Urology, The Netherlands

Received 16 August 2009 ,Accepted 18 January 2010.

References 

  1. Büttner W, Finke W. Analysis of behavioral and physiological parameters for the assessment of postoperative analgesic demand in newborns, infants and young children: a comprehensive report on seven consecutive studies. Paediatr Anaesth. 2000;10:303–318
  2. Astuto M, Disma N, Arena C. Levobupivacaine 0.25% compared with ropivacaine 0.25% by the caudal route in children. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2003;20:826–830
  3. Ivani G, De Negri P, Lonnquist PA, et al. A comparison of three different concentrations of levobupivacaine for caudal block in children. Anesth Analg. 2003;97:368–371
  4. Breschan C, Jost R, Krumpholz R, et al. A prospective study comparing the analgesic efficacy of levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine in pediatric patients undergoing caudal blockade. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005;15:301–306
  5. Locatelli BG, Frawley G, Spotti A, et al. Analgesic efficacy of caudal levobupivacaine and ketamine. Br J Anaesth. 2008;110:701–706
  6. Ivani G, De Negri P, Lonnquist PA, L'Erario M, et al. Caudal anaesthesia for minor pediatric surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2005;15:491–494
  7. Locatelli B, Ingelmo P, Sonzogni V, et al. Randomised, double blind, phase III, controlled trial comparing levobupivacaine 0.25%, ropivacaine 0.25% and bupivacaine 0.25% by the caudal route in children. Br J Anaesth. 2005;94:366–371
  8. Frawley G, Downie S, Huang G. Levobupivacaine caudal anaesthesia in children: a randomized double-blind comparison with bupivacaine. Paediatr Anaesth. 2006;16:754–760
  9. Ingelmo PM, Locatelli BG, Sonzogni V, et al. Caudal 0.2% ropivacaine is less effective during surgery than 0.2% levobupivacaine and 0,2% bupivacaine. Paediatr Anaesth. 2006;16:955–961
  10. Cortinez LI, Fuentes R, Solari S, Ostermann P, Vega M, Muñoz H. Pharmacokinetics of levobupivacaine after caudal administration in children younger than three years. Anesth Analg. 2008;107:1182–1184
  11. Ivani G, De Negri P, Conio A, et al. Comparison of racemic bupivacaine, ropivacaine and levo-bupivacaine for pediatric caudal anesthesia: effects on postoperative analgesia and motor block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2002;27:157–161
  12. Kelleher AA, Black A, Penman S, Howard R. Comparison of caudal bupivacaine and diamorphine with caudal bupivacaine alone for repair of hypospadias. Br J Anaesth. 1996;77:586–590
  13. Hansen TG, Henneberg SW, Walther-Larsen S, Lund J, Hansen M. Caudal bupivacaine supplemented with caudal or intravenous clonidine in children undergoing hypospadias repair: a double-blind study. Br J Anaesth. 2004;92:223–227
  14. Abdulatif M, El-Sanabary M. Caudal neostigmine, bupivacaine, and their combination for postoperative pain management after hypospadias surgery in children. Anesth Analg. 2002;95:1215–1218
  15. Bhardwaj N, Yaddanapudi S, Ghai B, Wig J. Neostigmine does not prolong the duration of analgesia produced by caudal bupivacaine in children undergoing urethroplasty. J Postgrad Med. 2007;53:161–165
  16. Warner MA, Kunkel SE, Offord KO, Atchison SR, Dawson B. The effects of age, epinephrine, and operative site on duration of caudal analgesia in pediatric patients. Anesth Analg. 1987;66:995–998
  17. Nuininga JE, Gier de RPE, Verschuren R, Feitz WFJ. Long-term outcome of different types of one-stage hypospadias repair. J Urol. 2005;174:1544–1548

PII: S1477-5131(10)00012-4

doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2010.01.009

Journal of Pediatric Urology
Volume 6, Issue 6 , Pages 585-588 , December 2010

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