Journal of Pediatric Urology
Volume 3, Issue 6 , Pages 420-425, December 2007

Can we prevent hypospadias?☆

UCSF Children's Hospital, Department of Urology and Pediatrics, 400 Parnassus Avenue, A640, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA

Received 14 July 2007; accepted 17 July 2007. published online 08 October 2007.

Abstract 

Hypospadias is the second most common genital anomaly in children. The etiology of hypospadias remains unknown in the overwhelming majority of patients. Herein, I review the etiology of hypospadias and propose that hypospadias can be explained by a two-hit hypothesis: genetic susceptibility plus environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors. The strategy to prevent hypospadias should be focused on (1) identifying genetic susceptibility prior to pregnancy and (2) identifying and eliminating exposure to potential toxic endocrine disruptors that effect urethral development.

Keywords: Hypospadias, Genetic susceptibility, Endrocrine disruptors

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☆ John Duckett Lecture presented at the European Society of Pediatric Urology, 27 April 2007, Brugge, Belgium.

PII: S1477-5131(07)00380-4

doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2007.07.007

Journal of Pediatric Urology
Volume 3, Issue 6 , Pages 420-425, December 2007

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