Journal of Pediatric Urology
Volume 3, Issue 5 , Pages 364-368 , October 2007

School-based control of urinary schistosomiasis on Zanzibar, Tanzania: Monitoring micro-haematuria with reagent strips as a rapid urological assessment

  • Michael D. French

      Affiliations

    • Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK
    • Current address: Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, Imperial College, London, W2 1PG, UK.
    • ,
  • David Rollinson

      Affiliations

    • Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
    • ,
  • Maria-Gloria Basáñez

      Affiliations

    • Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK
    • ,
  • Ali F. Mgeni

      Affiliations

    • Helminth Control Laboratory Unguja, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Zanzibar, Tanzania
    • ,
  • I. Simba Khamis

      Affiliations

    • Helminth Control Laboratory Unguja, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Zanzibar, Tanzania
    • ,
  • J. Russell Stothard

      Affiliations

    • Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +44 207 942 5490; fax: +44 207 942 5518.

Received 11 January 2007 ,Accepted 27 January 2007.

References 

  1. Lwambo NJS, Savioli L, Kisumku UM, Alawi KS, Bundy DAP. The relationship between prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection and different morbidity indicators during the course of a control programme on Pemba Island. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1997;91:643–646
  2. Engels D, Savioli L. Reconsidering the underestimated burden caused by neglected tropical diseases. Trends Parasitol. 2006;22:363–366
  3. Compton DWT, Savioli L. Handbook of helminthiasis for public health. Taylor & Francis; 2006;
  4. Van Der Werf MJ, De Vlas SJ. Diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis: a novel approach to compare bladder pathology measured by ultrasound and three methods for haematuria detection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71:98–106
  5. Rollinson D, Klinger EV, Mgeni AF, Khamis S, Stothard JR. Urinary schistosomiasis on Zanzibar: application of two novel assays for the detection of excreted albumin and haemoglobin in urine. J Helminthol. 2005;79:199–206
  6. Stothard JR, Gabrielli A-F. Schistosomiasis in African infants and preschool children: to treat or not to treat? Trends Parasitol, in press.
  7. King CH, Sturrock RF, Kariuki HC, Hamburger J. Transmission control for schistosomiasis – why it matters now. Trends Parasitol. 2006;22:575–582
  8. Stothard JR, Mgeni AF, Khamis S, Seto E, Ramsan M, Hubbard SJ, et al. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene meeting at Manson House, London, 21 February 2002. Fresh from the field: new insights into the transmission biology urinary schistosomiasis in Zanzibar. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002;96:470–475
  9. Stothard JR, Mgeni AF, Khamis S, Seto E, Ramsan M, Rollinson D. Urinary schistosomiasis in schoolchildren on Zanzibar Island (Unguja), Tanzania: a parasitological survey supplemented with questionnaires. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002;96:507–514
  10. Montresor A, Crompton DW, Gyorkos TW, Savioli L. Helminth control in school age children: a guide for managers of control programmes. World Health Organization; 2002;
  11. Saathoff E, Olsen A, Magnussen P, Kvalsig JD, Becker W, Appleton CC. Patterns of Schistosoma haematobium infection, impact of praziquantel treatment and re-infection after treatment in a cohort of schoolchildren from rural KwaZulu-Natal/South Africa. BMC Infect Dis. 2004;4:40–50
  12. Poggensee G, Krantz I, Kiwelu I, Feldmeier H. Screening of Tanzanian women of childbearing age for urinary schistosomiasis: validity of urine reagent strip readings and self-reported symptoms. Bull WHO. 2000;78:542–548
  13. Savioli L, Dixon H, Mott KE, Kisumku UM. Control of morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium on Pemba Island; selective population chemotherapy of schoolchildren with haematuria to identify high-risk localities. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1989;83:805–810
  14. Guyatt H, Brooker S, Lwambo NJS, Siza JE, Bundy DAP. The performance of school-based questionnaires of reported blood in urine in diagnosing Schistosoma haematobium infection: patterns by age and sex. Trop Med Int Health. 1999;4:751–757
  15. Brooker S, Kabatereine NB, Myatt M, Stothard JR, Fenwick A. Rapid assessment of Schistosoma mansoni: the validity, applicability and cost-effectiveness of the lot quality assurance sampling method in Uganda. Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10:647–658
  16. Lengeler C, Mshinda H, Morona D, DeSavigny D. Urinary schistosomiasis – testing with urine filtration and reagent sticks for haematuria provides a comparable prevalence estimate. Acta Trop. 1993;53:39–50
  17. Engels D, Chitsulo L, Montresor A, Savioli L. The global epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis and new approaches to control and research. Acta Trop. 2002;82:139–146

PII: S1477-5131(07)00230-6

doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2007.01.198

Journal of Pediatric Urology
Volume 3, Issue 5 , Pages 364-368 , October 2007

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